Colostomy is a surgical procedure in which an opening is created between the colon and the abdominal wall, allowing for the diversion of waste from the intestine into an external pouch or bag. This procedure is typically performed when a part of the colon or rectum is damaged, diseased, or removed, often due to conditions such as colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease), or traumatic injury. During a colostomy, the end of the colon is brought through an incision in the abdominal wall to form a stoma, which is the site through which waste exits the body. The primary causes for a colostomy include the need to bypass or remove diseased sections of the colon or rectum, allowing for healing or management of conditions that compromise normal bowel function. Complications associated with colostomy can include infection or inflammation at the stoma site, as well as issues with the stoma itself such as protrusion, retraction, or stenosis. Patients may also experience skin irritation or breakdown around the stoma due to contact with digestive enzymes. Long-term complications can involve bowel obstruction, dehydration, or nutritional imbalances, as well as psychological effects related to the changes in body image and lifestyle. Despite these potential risks, colostomy can significantly improve quality of life by alleviating symptoms and managing severe bowel conditions, and ongoing care and adaptation are crucial for effective management and maintaining overall health.
